Federal University Gusau Faculty of Education Journal
Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau
Influence of Socio-Cultural Practices on Enrollment, Retention and academic Performance of Secondary School Female Students in Osun State, Nigeria
The state of the education of girls is one of the current international concerns as the United Nations has recently published the International Day of Education, 2023 in which it has stated that the world is failing 130 million girls and that girl’s education is the key to well-being and prosperity of all. Although governments across the world have been working relentlessly, especially in the third world countries such as Nigeria, there are still a lot of challenges. The research is aimed at exploring the effects of socio-cultural practices on the education of girl-child in the secondary school level in Osun State, Nigeria. The uses quantitative survey to analyze the multifaceted nature of cultural traditions and education access. The theoretical framework used in the study is Gender Role Theory, which analyzes the socio-cultural practices that influence the education of girls, evaluates how they influence the school enrollment, retention and performance results, and determines factors that lead to the education attainment of girls. The sampling involved 10 secondary schools in Osun State with 10 students and 10 teachers in each school which makes 200 participants. The evidence suggests that the cultural practices such as patriarchal ethos, early marriages, and religious requirements are so embedded in the society that they are exerting uncontrollable influence on the government policies that seek to encourage education by girls. The study highlights the pressing nature of the necessity of addressing the problem of culturally sensitive interventions and community involvement to guarantee equal access to education among all girls within the Osun State and the national development and gender equality in Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preliminary: VOL. 6. NO. 1 - Zamfara International Journal of Education (ZIJE) The Official Journal of the Faculty of Education Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
EDITORIAL NOTE Zamfara International Journal of Education (ZIJE) is the official Journal of the Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau Zamfara State, Nigeria. The Journal publishes articles of diverse fields of interest in Education. Papers reporting original research and extended version of already established conference and journal articles are welcomed. Papers for publication are selected through peer review process to ensure originality, relevance and readability. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of information that supports high level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Education. This edition, Volume 5, Number 4, August, 2025 is poised to present research reports in the following fields of education: Educational Foundations, Science Education, Educational Psychology, Curriculum & Instructional Technology, Guidance & Counselling, Philosophy & History of Education, Sociology of Education, Entrepreneurship education, Special and inclusive Education, Physical & Health Education Religious Education, Gender Studies, Peace & Security Education among Others. The articles in this volume are academic and professional discourse written by reputable scholars in their areas of specialization. The Board wish to also acknowledge the efforts of the editorial members, for their ceaseless support towards successful publication of the journal. In the same vein, we acknowledge quite sincerely the assistance and support of our esteemed consulting editors for ensuring the credibility of this edition. Also, worthy of appreciation are the Authors and their immense contributions to this publication. Dr. Umar Sodangi Editor-in-Chief/ Chairman Editorial Board Dean, Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau
Editor-In-Chief-chairman: Dr. Umar Sodangi
Publication Editor: Prof. Abubakar Sadiq Haruna
Assistant Publication Editor: Dr. Yakubu A. Abdullahi
Secretary, Editorial Board: Yahaya Abdulkadir Ulama
Zamfara International Journal of Education (zije) 2026 Special Edition Vol 6 No 1
EDITORIAL NOTE Zamfara International Journal of Education (ZIJE) is the official Journal of the Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau Zamfara State, Nigeria. The Journal publishes articles of diverse fields of interest in Education. Papers reporting original research and extended version of already established conference and journal articles are welcomed. Papers for publication are selected through peer review process to ensure originality, relevance and readability. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of information that supports high level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Education. This edition, Volume 6, Number 1, February, 2026 is poised to present research reports in the following fields of education: Educational Foundations, Science Education, Educational Psychology, Curriculum & Instructional Technology, Guidance & Counselling, Philosophy & History of Education, Sociology of Education, Entrepreneurship education, Special and inclusive Education, Physical & Health Education Religious Education, Gender Studies, Peace & Security Education among Others. The articles in this volume are academic and professional discourse written by reputable scholars in their areas of specialization. The Board wish to also acknowledge the efforts of the editorial members, for their ceaseless support towards successful publication of the journal. In the same vein, we acknowledge quite sincerely the assistance and support of our esteemed consulting editors for ensuring the credibility of this edition. Also, worthy of appreciation are the Authors and their immense contributions to this publication. Dr. Umar Sodangi Editor-in-Chief/ Chairman Editorial Board Dean, Faculty of Education, Federal University Gusau
Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Principal Leadership Styles and Teacher Job Performance in Delta State, Nigeria
This research examined how job satisfaction mediates the connection between principal leadership styles and teacher job performance in public secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions and hypotheses, aiming to explore the dynamics between leadership styles, job satisfaction, and teacher performance. A correlational survey design was used, involving a population of 20,251 teachers and principals across the state. A sample of 587 participants, including 311 teachers and 22 principals, was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were gathered using a self-developed questionnaire titled the Leadership Styles, Job Satisfaction, and Teacher Job Performance Questionnaire (LSJSJPQ), which had a reliability coefficient ranging from 0.71 to 0.88. The analysis incorporated coefficient of determination and regression analysis. The results indicated that principal leadership styles significantly influenced both teacher job performance and job satisfaction. Furthermore, job satisfaction was found to play a mediating role between leadership styles and teacher job performance. The study concludes that principal leadership styles are essential for shaping teacher outcomes and recommends improving leadership training, encouraging teacher participation in decision-making, enhancing work conditions, and regularly evaluating job satisfaction.
Digital School Management System in the 21st Century Education: Necessary, not a Luxury
This paper investigates Digital School Management Systems (DSMS) as a strategic necessity rather than a luxury in 21st-century education. As schools increasingly operate within data-driven and accountability-focused environments, traditional manual administrative systems have become inadequate. The research investigates DSMS as a concept which consists of essential elements and institutional operations that enable educational institutions to manage student data, employee records, financial tasks, academic activities and stakeholder interactions through centralized digital systems. The paper applies Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory together with Bandura's collective efficacy framework to describe how technological and social factors influence DSMS adoption. The Nigerian situation receives special focus because growing population numbers and resource shortages and government problems create an urgent requirement for effective data management solutions. Despite infrastructural and capacity constraints, evidence suggests that DSMS enhance decision-making, transparency, and institutional effectiveness. The paper concludes that digital school management constitutes essential infrastructure for sustainable educational governance and national development in the digital age.
Digital School, Management, 21st Century, Education
Assessment of Donkey Meat (Equus asinus) Consumption among Households in Delta North Senatorial District of Delta State, Nigeria
The donkey is a domestic animal commonly found around homes in Nigeria. Despite its nutritional benefits, household consumption of donkey meat in Nigeria remains low. This study was conducted to determine the household consumption of donkey meat (Equus asinus) in the Delta North Senatorial District, Delta State, Nigeria. Three objectives were established to guide the study and two hypotheses were raised and tested at 0.5 level of significant. A descriptive survey research design was employed. The population consisted of 1,695,200 households in the Delta North Senatorial District, and a sample size of 400 was obtained using a multistage sampling technique. The questionnaire titled Household Consumption of Donkey Meat Questionnaire (HCDMQ) was used as the data collection instrument. Findings revealed that the level of household consumption of donkey meat in Delta State was high. Barriers to consumption included cultural barriers, negative perceptions or beliefs, poor awareness, religious restrictions, high cost, and low food safety. Strategies suggested to improve donkey meat consumption in the district includes but not limited to providing discounts and sample tastings, utilizing social media and e-commerce platforms to reach wider consumers, educating households on the nutritional benefits of donkey meat, and improving its accessibility. Therefore, this study concludes that although households in the study area frequently consume donkey meat, barriers to its consumption still exist. It is recommended that public education and awareness campaigns be conducted to highlight the nutritional benefits of donkey meat.
Effect of Behaviour Activation Counselling Technique on Job Stress among Female Teachers in Post Basic Schools in Kano Municipal Zonal Education Directorate
Job stress remains a pervasive occupational threat, particularly withing the teaching profession, where female teachers in Nigeria’s post basic schools face compounded pressures from excessive workloads, inadequate resources, administrative demands and family responsibilities. This research investigated the effects of Behaviour Activation Counselling Technique on job stress among female teachers in post basic schools in Kano Municipal Zonal Education Directorate. The main objective of the study is to assess the effects of both Behaviour Activation Counselling Technique on social, emotional and time management dimensions of job stress. Three research questions with corresponding null hypotheses were raised and tested. It was a pre-test post-tests design in form of quasi-experimental design. Population of the study consist of one hundred and nine (109) female teachers identified with job stress. After the identification, one school with highest number of identified female teachers with job stress symptoms was selected, making a sample of 15 female teachers. Two data collection instruments were used for the study; Validated Job Stress Checklist which was used for identification with a reliability index of 0.813, indicating a high degree of stability and making the Job Stress Checklist (JSC) a suitable tool for research in the study area. The second instrument was validated Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ) and its reliability of 0.807 was obtained. Parametric statistics specifically paired sample t-test and t-test for independent samples were used in arriving at conclusions. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results. The hypotheses of the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study contributes empirical evidence to job stress management literature and offers practical implications for counsellors, researchers, educational administrators, and policy-makers in designing evidence -based programmes to enhance teacher resilience, job satisfaction and educational quality. findings of the study indicate a significant effect of Behaviour Activation Counselling Technique on social, emotional and time management dimensions of Job Stress among Female Teachers in Post Basic Schools in Kano Municipal Zonal Education Directorate. The study recommends the use of Behaviour Activation counselling techniques in addressing job stress of female teachers.
Effects of Multimedia Aids on Academic Achievement among Private Secondary School Students in Oyo State, Nigeria
This study examined the relationship between selected emerging global innovations and students’ academic achievement in private secondary schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, 1,500 teachers from 150 private secondary schools across the three senatorial districts were sampled through a multi-stage procedure. Data were collected with the Emerging New Global Innovations and Students’ Academic Achievement Questionnaire (ENGISAAQ), whose reliability was established (r = 0.85). Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression (with robust standard errors), one-way ANOVA, reliability checks, effect sizes, and robustness tests. Results showed that WhatsApp/SMS usage is a significant positive predictor of students’ academic achievement, while computer-based testing (CBT) and projector/slides usage were not significant. No significant differences were observed across senatorial districts. Subgroup analysis revealed stronger WhatsApp/SMS effects among more experienced teachers. The paper discusses implications for ICT policy and teacher capacity building.
Effect of School-Based Conflicts on Academic Performance among Senior Secondary School Students in Central Senatorial Zone of Zamfara State, Nigeria
The study investigated the Effect of School-based Conflict on Academic Performance of Senior Secondary School Students in Central Senatorial Zone of Zamfara State, Nigeria. The study was guided by research objectives which were translated into research questions and research hypotheses that were formulated and tested using one-sample t-test at a 0.05 level of significance. The study reviewed related empirical researches conducted on school-based conflict and academic performance of students. Descriptive survey design was adopted with a population of 12,325 senior secondary (SS2) students of which 7,606 are males with 4,719 females drawn from four (4) local government areas (Bungudu, Gusau, Maru and Tsafe) of the central zone of the State. A sample size of 378 was selected using proportionate and simple random sampling while purposive sampling was used to select schools. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages while mean and standard deviation were used to present responses of research questions. The study findings revealed among others 3.64% equivalent to 95% that there is relationship between school-based conflict and academic performance of students; it revealed that 3.50% equivalent to 95% of school administrators, teachers and counselors played important roles in managing and resolving school-based conflict. The study concluded that there is concrete relationship between student academic performance and school-based conflict; it also concluded that school administrators, teachers and counsellors play an important role in managing and resolving school-based conflict. The study therefore, recommended among other things that, conflict resolution strategies should be giving more consideration by the school administrators, teachers, counselors and students in the process of planning and implementation of school policies, so that school will achieve its desired objectives.
School-based conflict, Roles, Relationships, Academic Performance
Assessing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Tools on Reading Proficiency among Undergraduate Students of Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba, Kogi State Nigeria
Reading proficiency is a fundamental skill in higher education, yet many undergraduate students in Nigeria struggle with comprehension due to limited support and outdated instructional methods. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into education offers new possibilities for personalized and adaptive learning, but little research has examined their specific impact on reading development in Nigerian undergraduate settings. This study explores the perception and experiences of undergraduate students regarding the use of AI tools such as chatgpt, Rewordify and Read theory for enhancing students’ academic reading proficiency. Using a qualitative research approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighty students from diverse disciplines who had prior exposure to AI tools. The thematic analysis framework was used to identify key themes across participant responses. Emerging themes included personalized and self-paced learning, vocabulary support and comprehension, increased engagement, and provision academic confidence. However, challenges such as over reliance on AI generated content, inconsistent usage habit, and digital literacy gaps were also identified. Finding suggested that AI tools, implemented with appropriate guidance, equitable access, and curriculum alignment, can significantly enhanced students’ reading confidence, comprehension, and motivation. The study contributed to the body of literature on AI in education by offering context-specific insight for technology integration in literacy instruction. It highlighted the need for inclusive, students centered strategy to promote reading proficiency in resource-constrained academic environment. Future research should explore teachers respective, long-term learning outcomes, and the integration of AI tools across diverse linguistic and institutional contexts to further validate and expand on these findings.
Assessment of Universal Basic Education Reforms among Public Primary Schools in Oyo East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Primary education reforms remain central to improving educational quality and learning outcomes in Nigeria, yet evidence on their implementation at the local government level is limited. This study assessed the implementation of primary education reforms in public primary schools in Oyo East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria, with particular focus on the level of implementation, teacher capacity, adequacy of instructional resources, and teachers’ perceptions of reform impact on teaching and learning outcomes. A quantitative survey research design was adopted. The population comprised public primary school teachers in Oyo East Local Government Area, from which a sample of 150 teachers was selected using appropriate sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that the implementation of primary education reforms was generally moderate across schools. Teacher capacity was found to have a significant influence on reform implementation, indicating that teachers’ training and professional preparedness play a critical role in translating reform policies into classroom practice. The study also established that instructional resources were largely inadequate, posing a major challenge to effective reform implementation. Furthermore, teachers perceived the impact of primary education reforms on teaching and learning outcomes as moderately positive, suggesting that while reforms have begun to yield benefits, their full potential has not yet been realized. The study concludes that sustained improvement in primary education reform outcomes requires coordinated efforts focused on teacher professional development, adequate resource provision, and strengthened institutional support mechanisms. The findings provide empirical evidence to inform policymakers and education stakeholders on strategies for enhancing primary education reform implementation at the grassroots level
Qualitative Study on Multidisciplinary Strategies for English Language Education Teaching in Multilingual Contexts among Institutions of Learning in Nigeria: A Review
The global dominance of English as a lingua franca intersects with the diverse multilingual fabric of societies like Nigeria, where over 500 languages coexist, presenting distinct challenges and opportunities for language education in the 21st century. This paper investigates multidisciplinary strategies for enhancing English language education in such contexts, with a focus on Nigeria’s diverse linguistic environment. Drawing on linguistics, pedagogy, and sociolinguistics, it argues that effective English teaching in multilingual settings demands an integrative approach beyond monolingual paradigms, adapting to learners’ linguistic repertoires and socio-cultural realities. Through a critical analysis of educational practices and theoretical frameworks, the study proposes a model that combines language acquisition theories with context-sensitive innovations, such as translanguaging and culturally responsive pedagogy, tailored to Nigeria’s ethno-linguistic diversity. Emphasis is placed on promoting linguistic competence while advancing social cohesion and equitable education, particularly in Nigeria’s pluralistic society. The paper examines Nigerian case studies - such as bilingual classrooms in Oyo State - to illustrate practical applications, highlighting their potential to link academic knowledge with societal development. By repositioning English language education as a multidisciplinary endeavour, this study contributes to discourses on sustainable educational progress in Nigeria and beyond.
Qualitative Study on the Impact of Vignettes in Basic Science Education at Upper Basic Level of Education in Nigeria: A Conceptual Perspective
Vignettes are increasingly used in science education as instructional and assessment tools for examining learners’ conceptual understanding, reflective thinking, and decision-making abilities. In the context of Basic Science education, a vignette is a short, context-based scenario drawn from learners’ everyday experiences and aligned with curriculum concepts such as health, environment, energy, matter, and safety. This paper discusses the concepts of vignettes, their major types-descriptive, problem-based, reflective and decision-oriented-and their application in Basic Science teaching and research. Both offline (paper-based) and online (digital) vignettes are highlighted as flexible approaches suitable for varying classroom contexts. Criteria for constructing good vignettes include clarity of purpose, realism, cultural relevance, alignment with Basic Science learning objectives, appropriate cognitive demand, and the ability to elicit reasoning rather than rote responses. Research evidence indicates that vignettes enhance learner engagement, promote higher-order thinking, uncover misconceptions, and support the application of scientific concepts to real-life situations. However, limitations such as response bias, over-simplification of complex scientific issues, and challenges in scoring and interpretation are also noted. The paper concludes that vignettes are effective learner-centred tools that complement traditional teaching and assessment methods in Basic Science Education. It is therefore suggested that Basic Science teachers and curriculum developers integrate vignette-based strategies into classroom instruction and assessment, while providing adequate training on vignette design and use to maximise their educational value.
Integrating Innovative Technologies for Information Service Delivery among Military Tertiary Institution Librarians in Kaduna State, Nigeria
This study focused on Adoption of Innovative Technologies for Information Service Delivery by Library Staff in Military Tertiary Institution Libraries in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It is set to achieve 2 objectives among which are to find out types of innovative technologies military tertiary institution will adopt ,to find out the types of information service that can be rendered with innovative technologies ,Quantitative research methodology and a cross-sectional Survey research design were adopted. The study covers the staff of 3 Military Higher Institutions Libraries with a total of 102 professionals and paraprofessional staff. Using Census sampling technique data was collected through questionnaires. One hundred 102 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the respondents. The study found out that; Blockchain Technology, AI, VR, AR, and IoT are the potential tools for improving information service delivery, in Military Tertiary Institution Libraries in Kaduna State, Nigeria, it also found out that Cloud-Based Library Services and Database Management are potential services for efficient information service delivery, The study concluded the adoption of innovative technologies for information service delivery by library staff in military tertiary institution libraries is crucial for modernizing library operations and aligning with the rapidly evolving digital landscape. The study recommended that the Librarians of Military Tertiary Institution Libraries in Kaduna State, Nigeria in collaboration with the commandant should prioritize the adoption of blockchain technology. Also study recommended that this technology will provide a secure and transparent method for managing library operations, protecting sensitive user information, and ensuring the integrity of data related to resource management and also recommended that the Librarians of Military Tertiary Institution Libraries in Kaduna State, Nigeria with the help of the commandant should address the significant challenges associated with the adoption of innovative technologies for effective information service delivery
Comparative Relationships Between Government Policies and Community-Based Health Education Programs on Communicable Diseases among Residents in Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria
This paper is investigated to assess of the role of government policies in supporting community-based health education programs for communicable diseases in Katsina Metropolis. The paper used primary and secondary data based on the research objectives and hypothesis. Descriptive statistical techniques were used in the presentation, analysis and discussions of data. The researcher sampled 120 respondents from the study area. The findings reveal that well-coordinated vaccination campaigns significantly reduce disease incidence, while sanitation and hygiene initiatives effectively control waterborne diseases. Quarantine measures, although challenging, are effective when accompanied by clear communication and community trust. The study highlights the critical role of community engagement in enhancing policy acceptance and adherence, supported by socioeconomic benefits, including reduced healthcare costs and improved workforce productivity. The findings align with existing theories on the social determinants of health and the importance of sustainable health systems. Based on the above conclusion, the research came up with the following recommendations: Government funding should move away from short-term, project-based funding towards long-term, predictable financing for community-based health education initiatives to ensure sustainability. Community Health Worker (CHW) Networks should formally integrate CHWs into the national health system by providing them with regular training, remuneration, and protective gear. There is should be an improve surveillance systems to enable real-time tracking of disease outbreaks, using this data to directly inform the focus of community education, such as in vaccination campaigns. Governments policy should shift from merely having policies on paper to creating a robust, community-owned system that effectively controls communicable diseases in the study area.
Government Policies, Community -Based Health Education Programs & Communicable Diseases
Correlation Between Availability of Counselling Laboratories and Clinical Competence on Counselling Education Curriculum Development and Research Integration among Public Universities in Nigeria
The escalating mental health challenges, economic instability, and security crises in Nigeria necessitated a robust guidance and counselling framework within the higher education sector. However, the efficacy of counselling services was directly contingent upon the quality of counsellor education. This study conducted a critical needs assessment of counselling education in Nigerian universities to evaluate the alignment between the National Universities Commission (NUC) Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS) and contemporary global best practices. Anchored on Stufflebeam’s CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) Evaluation Model, the study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Data were collected from a stratified sample of 360 respondents across six federal universities representing Nigeria’s geopolitical zones. A self-structured, validated instrument titled “Counselling Education Needs Assessment Questionnaire (CENAQ)” was utilised. Findings from 30 distinct indicators revealed a significant disparity between theoretical training and clinical application. Specifically, 78.5% of respondents indicated insufficient exposure to digital counselling technologies, and widespread deficits were noted in 8 out of 10 key infrastructural facilities. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant difference in curriculum perception between educators and practitioners (t = 4.82, p < .05) and a positive correlation between laboratory availability and student clinical competence (r = 0.68, p < .05). The study concluded that the curriculum was heavily weighted towards pedagogical theory at the expense of clinical competency. Recommendations included the institutionalization of a mandatory six-month clinical residency and the integration of cyber-psychology as a core course.
Counselling Education, Curriculum Development, Nigerian Universities, CIPP Model, Clinical Residency, Mental Health, CASSON.
Impact of Entrepreneurial Skills Acquisition on Academic Performance among Undergraduate Students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
This study examined the impact of entrepreneurial pursuits on the academic performance of undergraduate students at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Specifically, the study investigated the level of students’ engagement in entrepreneurial activities, the effect of such engagement on their academic performance, and the challenges encountered in balancing academic and business responsibilities. A descriptive survey research design was used in the study. All undergraduate students from the Faculties of Arts, Administration, Education, and Social Sciences made up the population and a sample of 100 students was selected using a purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to gather the data, which were then analysed using descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, percentages, and frequencies. The results showed that 78% of the participants were actively involved in business endeavours, primarily in the retail, services, catering, and digital industries. Also, 64% of the students acknowledged that entrepreneurial activities sometimes distracted them from their academic work. A large majority (89%) agreed that entrepreneurship positively complemented their academic and practical skills. The study also found that major challenges like stress, time management issues, and funding constraints are encounter by student entrepreneurs. Despite these challenges, many students maintained average to above-average academic performance, with 55% recording CGPAs above 3.5. The study concluded that entrepreneurship among undergraduates, when strategically managed, can enhance academic performance by developing transferable skills such as discipline, time management, and problem-solving. Based on these findings, it was recommended that university authorities implement flexible academic policies and provide institutional support to assist students in effectively balancing their entrepreneurial and academic responsibilities.
Entrepreneurship, students, academic performance, OAU
Effect of Animal Traction Technology on Medium-Scale Maize Farmers’ Livelihood in Kaduna State, Nigeria
The study analysed the effect of Animal Traction Technology (ATT) on medium-scale maize farmers’ livelihood in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted with multi-stage sampling procedure used to select 309 respondents out of 1573 medium-scale maize farmers across the four agricultural zones in Kaduna State. A structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated, pilot-tested giving a standardized reliability coefficient of 0.874. The instrument was administered to the respondents. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Logit regression analysis was used to test the null hypothesis. The finding showed that ATT in Kaduna State significantly affects maize farmers’ livelihood (p = 0.000 < 0.05). It was concluded that the life of medium-scale maize farmers was better after the use of ATT. The study recommends among others the need for Kaduna State Agricultural Development Agency (KADA) to integrate ATT into broader its livelihood improvement programmes to enhance the income and food security of farmers in the State.
Animal Traction Technology, Medium-Scale Maize Farmers, Livelihood
Impact of National Health Policies on Maternal and Child Health Education Programs among Residents in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
This paper is investigated the impact of national health policies on maternal and child health education programs among residents in Dutsin Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. The vulnerability and developmental needs of maternal and children health education programs in Nigeria necessitated the enactment of National Health Policies. However, there have been concerns about the effectiveness of this policy. This study investigated public perception on the performance of National Health Policies and healthcare for maternal and children in Dutsin ma Area of Katsina State. The study adopted mixed methods of data collection through questionnaire and In-depth Interviews. Using multistage, probability and stratified sampling techniques, the study selected 460 respondents from households, children, caregivers, educators and health workers. The social attachment theory anchored the theoretical explanation. The hypotheses were tested using logistic regression through the statistical package for social sciences version 27. The study revealed a pseudo-R² of 0.09 (χ² = 7.84, df = 6, p > 0.05), indicating no significant improvement in maternal and child healthcare. Respondents reported low satisfaction with policy implementation in the study area, citing irregular immunizations, inadequate health screenings, limited skilled birth attendants, weak nutritional interventions, under-resourced facilities, hidden cost and poor service delivery. The study recommended a review of antenatal screening programmes, deploying skilled birth attendants at all hospitals, strengthening immunization logistics, revitalizing breastfeeding campaigns, and improving coordination of nutritional interventions to enhance policy effectiveness and child health outcomes in study area.
National Health Policies, Maternal Program, Child Health Program
Teachers’ Preparedness for Inclusive Education at Secondary School Level of Education in Nigeria: Policy Compliance in the Era of the Fifth Industrial Revolution
The Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR) presents significant opportunities for inclusive education by integrating emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), adaptive learning tools, and assistive technologies into teaching and learning processes. Unlike the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), which emphasised digital transformation and automation, 5IR focuses on human-centered innovation, fostering collaboration between technology and educators to enhance learning outcomes. The reality of what the Nigerian government has achieved in the 4IR has brought to the forefront the debate on the nation’s preparedness for the 5IR, particularly in the education sector. While policies advocating for inclusive education exist, their implementation remains a challenge due to gaps in teacher training, digital literacy, and the availability of necessary resources. This study examines the preparedness of teachers in Nigerian secondary schools to implement inclusive education policies and comply with regulatory frameworks in the context of 5IR. Key challenges identified include inadequate professional development programs, limited access to assistive technologies, insufficient funding, and weak policy enforcement mechanisms. Many teachers lack the technical skills required to integrate digital tools effectively into inclusive education practices. To address these challenges, this paper recommends targeted investment in continuous professional development, integration of assistive technologies into teacher education curricula, provision of adequate teaching resources, and strengthening policy implementation. These measures are essential to ensuring that inclusive education policies are effectively translated into meaningful learning experiences for all students, thereby fostering educational equity and innovation in the 5IR era
Evaluation on Integration of Basic Information and Communication Technology Literacy among Public Secondary Schools in Adavi Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria
The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is increasingly recognized as a driver for educational inclusivity and improved learning outcomes. This study investigated basic ICT literacy as a tool for educational inclusion in under-resourced public secondary schools in Nagazi–Adavi Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design adopting a mixed-methods approach was used. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 344 respondents comprising students, teachers, and non-teaching staff, alongside in-depth interviews with six senior school personnel. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests at the 0.05 level of significance, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that ICT facilities were largely inadequate and that ICT use during classroom teaching was minimal. Although ICT was widely perceived to improve understanding and increase students’ interest in learning, no significant relationship was found between ICT availability and educational inclusion. Although, basic ICT literacy showed a significant relationship with students’ engagement in teaching and learning. In addition, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, unreliable electricity supply, and limited training opportunities were found to significantly hinder effective ICT integration. The qualitative findings supported the survey results, highlighting infrastructural deficiencies alongside positive attitudes towards ICT. The study concludes that ICT has strong potential to enhance educational inclusion and learning engagement but remains constrained by systemic challenges. It recommends targeted government investment in ICT infrastructure, provision of alternative power sources, periodic ICT training for teachers, curriculum-based ICT integration, and strengthened multi-stakeholder partnerships.
ICT literacy, educational inclusion, under-resourced schools, teaching and learning, Nigeria.
Qualitative Study on Correlation between Cognitive Preference style and Achievement in Sciences at Secondary School level of Education in Nigeria
This study explores the relationship between cognitive preferences and scientific achievement through both theoretical frameworks and empirical investigation. Drawing on models of cognitive styles such as analytic versus holistic processing, field dependence-independence, and divergent-convergent thinking the research examines how individual differences in preferred modes of information processing influence the pursuit and attainment of scientific knowledge. The theoretical analysis situates cognitive preferences within broader psychological and educational paradigms, highlighting their potential role in shaping creativity, problem-solving strategies, and disciplinary specialization. Empirical findings, based on surveys and performance measures of scientists and students across diverse fields, reveal significant correlations between specific cognitive styles and indicators of scientific productivity, including publication output, innovation, and recognition. The study concludes that cognitive preferences are not deterministic but act as enabling or constraining factors that interact with environmental, motivational, and social variables. Implications are discussed for science education, talent development, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. In light of these findings, it is recommended that educational systems cultivate awareness of diverse cognitive styles, or cognitive preferences, and integrate flexible pedagogical approaches that nurture both analytic and holistic thinking, encourage environments that balance individual strengths with collaborative opportunities, and design talent development programs that recognize cognitive diversity as a resource for innovation. Furthermore, fostering interdisciplinary platforms that bridge different cognitive orientations can enhance creativity and resilience in scientific practice, ensuring that cognitive preferences are leveraged as assets rather than limitations in the pursuit of knowledge.
Effects of Systematic Desensitization and Modelling Counselling Techniques on Social anxiety among Undergraduate National Certificate in Education Students in Kano State Nigeria
This study investigates the effects of Systematic Desensitisation and Modelling Counselling Techniques on social anxiety among students of NCE awarding Institutions in Kano State Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to find out the effects of Systematic Desensitisation and Modelling counselling techniques on the physiological, cognitive and behavoiural dimensions of social anxiety. Six null hypotheses were raised and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design in the form of pretest and posttest design. The population consists of all NCE II students of Federal College of Education Kano and Federal College of Education (Technical) Bichi identified with social anxiety, there are 3,913 NCE 2 students in both schools out of which 196 students were identified with social anxiety. 60 students were sampled from the identified students who participated in the study. Two data collection instruments were used for the study; Validated Students Social Anxiety Checklist (SSAC) with reliability index of 0.861 was used for identification, while validated Social Anxiety Inventory (SAI) with reliability index of 0.936 was used for pretest and posttest. Paired sampled t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed that both Systematic Desensitisation and Modelling Counselling Techniques are effective in reducing social anxiety across the three dimensions. The study recommends that schools and counsellors should adopt both Counselling techniques in helping students manage social anxiety.
Effects of Semantic-Mapping and Scrabble-Game Strategies on English Spellings and Pronunciations among Secondary School Students in Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria
Students’ failure in external examinations has been attributed to their poor vocabulary base, exacerbated by teachers’ poor instructional strategies. This study therefore, examined a comparative effect of semantic-mapping, scrabble-game and the combination of both semantic-mapping and scrabble-game on vocabulary achievement of secondary school students in Okene, Nigeria. The objectives were to find out: (i) the general achievement of secondary school students in English spelling and pronunciation in Okene, Nigeria; (ii) the effect of scrabble-game, semantic-mapping and combination of both on the achievement in spelling; (iii) the effect of scrabble-game, semantic-mapping and combination of both on the achievement in pronunciation in Okene, Nigeria. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test and control group using four by two by two factorial design involving three experimental groups and one control group. Four public secondary schools and all the students in JSS II intact classes served as the sample for this study using stratified random sampling technique. An achievement test on vocabulary was adapted from the National Examinations Council and state examinations past questions as instrument for this study. Percentage, Mean and Standard Deviation and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used to answer and test the research questions and hypotheses respectively. The findings of the study indicated the general achievements in vocabulary of the students to be low before the treatment (pre-test) but increased averagely after treatment (post-test). Significant effects existed among scrabble-game, semantic-mapping and combination of scrabble and semantic-mapping on students’ achievement in spelling, but not favoring semantic mapping as a single technique; Scrabble-game, semantic-mapping and combination of both had effect on secondary school students’ achievement in pronunciation, The study therefore, recommended that teachers should make use of the combination of Semantic-mapping and Scrabble-game strategy to facilitate effective English vocabulary learning.
Assessment on Mode of Instructional Technology and Use of Media in National Open University of Nigeria: A Historical Perspective
The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) has experienced significant growth and development in its use of instructional technology and media over the past two decades, yet there is a dearth of research on the trajectory of this evolution. This study therefore addresses this gap by analyzing NOUN’s use of instructional technology and media from 2003 to 2023. The study employed a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The instruments adopted and validated for the study were official documents and structured questionnaire tagged, Questionnaire on Mode of Instructional Technology and Media (QMITM) with the reliability co-efficient (r=.89). Qualitative data were analysed thematically while quantitative data were analysed using mean ranking. The findings of the study revealed that there was a clear progression in the instructional technology and media employed by NOUN, with online study materials being the most widely adopted mode, achieving a mean score of 0.93. The study concluded that without deliberate efforts to strengthen institutional capacity and enhance policy execution, the goals of accessibility, quality assurance, and sustainability in open and distance education will remain unattainable. The study therefore, recommended that NOUN should invest more in improving internet accessibility and the stability of its online learning platforms to accommodate all learners, regardless of location
Evaluation of Social and Biological Determinants of Miscarriages among Pregnant Women in Shinkafi Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria
This project work is aimed at finding the biological and social implications of miscarriage among women in Shinkafi local government area, Zamfara state. From the data obtained, there are several factors responsible for the cause of the problem. These factors include genetic factors, infection of some diseases, excessive consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and so on. It is also found that miscarriage can lead to bladder injuries, pelvic inflammatory disease Amaenia, and infertility, and to many other effects. Some preventive and curative measures are also found, such as eating a good balanced diet, visiting the hospital regularly, and avoiding alcohol and smoking. Recommendations on the way forward are finally stated. From the findings of the study, it has been recommended that there is a need to strengthen maternal health services in Shinkafi, which requires improved access to quality antenatal care, early screening for risk factors, and community-based education on reproductive health. Policies should prioritize addressing socio-economic determinants such as poverty, nutrition, and healthcare infrastructure to reduce preventable miscarriages. Collaborative efforts between government, healthcare providers, and local communities are essential to ensure culturally sensitive interventions that enhance maternal outcomes and safeguard women’s reproductive health
Miscarriage, Determinants, Maternal Health, Women, Shinkafi, Zamfara State
Qualitative Study on Leveraging McGregor’s Theory in Managing Co-Curricular Activities at Secondary School Level of Education in Nigerian
In today’s rapidly evolving world, students are expected to excel not only in academics but also in a broad range of life skills that prepare them for real-world challenges. Therefore, this paper examines the application of McGregor’s Theories X and Y in the implementation of Co-curricular activities in schools. The primary aim was to align the roles of teachers and co-curricular coordinators with contemporary management principles that enhance student engagement and participation. The study critically explored the core assumptions of both theories, highlighting their relevance to educational leadership. Theory X, which assumes that individuals inherently dislike work and require external control, is contrasted with Theory Y, which posits that individuals are self-motivated and thrive under supportive, participatory leadership. These theoretical orientations were analyzed about how co-curricular activities are planned, implemented, and supervised in school environments. The study revealed that the participatory and motivational qualities of Theory Y closely align with the objectives of co-curricular activities, which demand creativity, initiative, collaboration, and student-centered engagement. Consequently, the paper concluded that for optimal outcomes in student development and holistic education, school leaders and activity coordinators should adopt the flexible, empowering strategies of Theory Y, while selectively drawing on Theory X in situations that require structure and discipline.
Assessment on Level of Awareness and Preventive Measures of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults in Taraba State, Nigeria
This study assessed the awareness of preventive measures of type 2 diabetes among adults in Taraba State. One research question was raised and also one hypothesis was tested. Descriptive design of survey type was used for this study. The population of this study comprised all adults in Taraba State Nigeria, with the estimated population of 297,884. Slovin’s formula was used to determine the sample of 399 adults for the study. The researchers used a multistage sampling procedure to select the sample for the study. The instrument for data collection in this study was researchers’ developed questionnaire. The instrument consists of one section which contained ten items. Out of 399 copies of questionnaire administered to the respondents, 363 copies of questionnaire were duly completed and returned and were used for analysis. Chi-square used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of this study indicated that adults in Taraba State are significantly aware of the preventive measures of type 2 diabetes (χ2 = 61.159; df =1; P < 0.05). It was recommended that it was recommended despite the high-level awareness of preventive measures of type 2 diabetes among adult in Taraba State, they should intensify their efforts towards the prevention of type 2 diabetes in order to reduce the burden of the diseases to close gap between those that are aware and those who are not aware by attending health talk organized by experts.
Impact of Insecurity on Psycho-Social Wellbeing of Undergraduate Students in Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Insecurity has emerged as a persistent challenge to the effective functioning of higher education institutions in many parts of Nigeria, with implications that extend beyond physical safety to students’ psychological and social wellbeing. This study examined the Impact of Insecurity on Psycho-Social wellbeing of undergraduate students in Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 364 undergraduate students selected through proportionate stratified sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit students’ perceptions of the psychological and social effects of insecurity, as well as the coping strategies employed in response to these challenges. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The findings revealed that insecurity significantly affected students’ psychological wellbeing, manifesting in fear, anxiety, emotional distress, and reduced concentration, all of which undermined academic engagement and educational development. Socially, insecurity constrained students’ participation in academic and extracurricular activities, limited peer interaction, and weakened their sense of belonging within the university community. The study concludes that insecurity poses a serious threat to undergraduate educational development through its psycho-social effects and highlights the need for comprehensive institutional and policy interventions.
Qualitative Study on Application of Mathematical Principles in Architectural Design in Nigeria
This paper focused on “qualitative study on application of Mathematical principles in architectural design in Nigeria”. Mathematical principles have played a vital role in architectural design such as the foundation, the columns, beams, slabs, footings, stairs and the roofing. It was recommended that Mathematic curriculum should be design to embrace practical principles to architectural designs.